The Depiction of African American Maids vs The White Socialites on The Help (2011)
(1) Universitas Pembangunan Jaya
Abstract
This research paper aims to investigate the contrasts in the relationship of two racial entities in the United States, African American maids and the White socialites, particularly in the segregation era (1960s). Findings and criteria of analysis were drawn from a movie called The Help (2011) with Peirce’s semiotic approach and descriptive method. Based on the observation during movie screening and literature review, the root problem happening between two groups is the disparity of previledge and socioeconomic status based on race. Besides the intangible background, signs of segregation also appeared in the movie, such as Confederate Flag of Mississippi, separate toilets, and the attires. That context demonstrates that the white socialites have stronger position over the African American maids in which the white socialites appeared as the rich and good-looking employers who treated the maids with unequal acts and accusations. This situation has not ceased to exist in real life as in American society especially when it is supported by hate and, also, government policy.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Allen, F. (2020). Hazzard Warning: What does the Confederate flag mean?. Diunduh di https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/3621818/what-does-confederate-flag-mean/
Banjo, O. & Jennings, N. (2017). Content Analysis of the Portrayal of White Characters in Black Films Across Two Decades. Mass Communication and Society, 20(2): 281-309.
Chen, G. et. Al. (2012). Male Mammies: A Social-Comparison Perspective on How Exaggeratedly Overweight Media Portrayals of Madea, Rasputia, and Big Momma Affect How Black Women Feel About Themselves. Mass Communication and Study, 15(1): 115-135.
Coski, J. (2005). The Confederate Battle Flag. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University.
Curtin, B. (2006). Semiotics and Visual Representation. Diunduh di https://www.arch.chula.ac.th/journal/files/article/lJjpgMx2iiSun103202.pdf
Dargis, M. (2011). ‘The Maids’ Now Have Their Say’. Diunduh di https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/10/movies/the-help-spans-two-worlds-white-and-black
review.html
Eder, J. (2010). Understanding Characters. Projections, 4(1): 16-40.
Forman, J. (1991). Driving Dixie Down: Removing the Confederate Flag from Southern State Capitol. Yale Law Journal, 101: 525-526.
Hall, S. The Spectacle of The ‘Other’, In: Stuart H (Ed). (1997). Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publication.
Harrison, K. & Cantor, J. (1997). The Relationship Between Media Consumption and Eating Disorder. Journal of Communication, 47(1): 40-67.
Hughey, M. (2014). The White Savior Film: Content, Critics, and Consumption. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Ingraham, C. (2016). How the unrest of the 1960s compares to today, according to the people who lived through it. Diunduh di https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/07/12/reddit remembers-the-1960s-we-probably-dont-have-to-kill-all-of-them-just-the-agitators/
Jackson, J. (2014). Introducing Language and Intercultural Communication. New York City: Routledge.
Johnson, J. Black Women and the Criminal Justice System, In: Johnson, J (Ed). (2015). Reflections on Criminalization and Violence in the Lives of Black Women. Chicago: Prison + Neighborhood Arts Project.
Lowry II, M. (1971). Population and Race in Mississippi, 1940-1960. Annals of Association of American Geographers, 61(3): 576-588.
LeMelle, T. (1972). Race, International Relations, U.S. Foreign Policy, and the African Liberation Struggle. Journal of Black Studies, 3(1): 95-109.
Love, D. (2013). Mammy Depictions in Film: Effects on African American Women’s Perceptions, Beliefs, and Eating Behaviors. McNair Scholars Journal, 15: 57-68.
Martin, J. & Nakayama, T. (2008). Experiencing Intercultural Communication: An Introduction. New York City: McGraw-Hill.
McMullan, M. (2017). Mississippi’s choice: Confederate past or new flag and future. Diunduh di https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/09/15/mississippi-choice-confederate-past-new-flag-and-future-margaret-mcmullan-column/661382001/
Miller, C. (1998). The Representation of the Black Male in Film. Journal of African American Men, 3(3): 19
Nassaji, H. (2015). Qualitative and Descriptive Research: Data type versus data analysis. Language Teaching Research, 19(2): 129-132.
Orgad, S. (2012). Media Representation and the Global Imagination. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Peirce, C. In: Hartshorne, C. & Weiss, P. (Eds.) (1931). Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, Principles of Philosophy, Vol.1. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Philogene, G. Introduction: Race as a Defining Feature of American Culture, In: Gina P (Ed). (2004). Racial Identity in Context: The Legacy of Kenneth B. Clark. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Pilgrim, D. (2012). What was Jim Crow. Diunduh di https://ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm
Ranjan, P. (2015). Edward Said’s ‘Orientalism’: A-Post-Colonial Culture Study. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(9): 85-88.
Smiley, C. & Fakunley, D. (2016). From “brute†to “thugâ€: The demonization and criminalization of unarmed Black male victims in America. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 26(3-4): 350- 366.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104: 333-339.
Speaks, J. Theories of Meaning, In: Zalta, E. (Ed.) (2014). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diunduh di http://plato.standford.edu/archives/fall2014/entries/meaning/. Suddath, C. (2009). Kathryn Stockett, Author of The Help. Diunduh di http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1937562,00.html
Webber, M., McKinley, E., & Hattie, J. (2013). The importance of race and ethnicity: An exploration of New Zealand Pakeha, Maori, Samoan, and Chinese adolescent identity. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 42(1): 43-54.
Yakin, H. & Totu, A. (2014). The Semiotic Perspectives of Peirce and Saussure: A Brief Comparative Study. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. The International Conference on Communication and Media 2014 (i-COME’14). Langkawi, 18-20 October 2014.
Young, H. (2012). ‘Good white folks’: Putting ‘The Help’ in context: The movie ‘The Help’ recalls the painful reality and limited options faced by many African American women in the past. Diunduh di https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v4i1.565
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License