Rekayasa Budaya dan Dinamika Sosial: Menemukan Pokok Pikiran Lokalitas Budaya Sebagai Daya Cipta

Erond Litno Damanik(1),


(1) Program Studi Pendidikan Antropologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Medan

Abstract


This paper discusses cultural engineering on social dynamics, namely culture as the creativity of facing social change. In this paper, social dynamics is a creative response from the culture support community that originates from ideas which are then channeled into activities and appear in human artifacts. Social dynamics are not always supported by formal institutions but are also supported by informal institutions, namely cultures that play an active role. The idea that the origin of activities and artifacts in culture is a way of thinking that is a creative response to creativity. As for the problem in this study, is it true that culture can be engineered into creativity? The results of the study show that culture can be engineered as a creative power as an agent of social dynamics by: (i) recording and filtering out the thoughts of cultural locality, (ii) formulating and designing strategies for developing locality culture, (iii) building cultural locality pranata , (iv) disseminating and instilling the core of cultural locality, (v) making regulations protect the core thoughts of cultural locality, and (vi) applying basic things to cultural locality as agents of social dynamics.


Keywords


Principles of Mind, Engineering, Social Dynamics, Cultural Locality, Target Change.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Greif, A. (2006). Cultural beliefs and the organization pf Society: a historical and theoritical reflection on collectivist and individualist societies. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(2), 23–48.

Abdullah, T. (ed.) (1979). Agama, etos kerja dan perkembangan ekonomi. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Abdullah, I. (1994). The Muslim bussinesmen of Jatinom: Religious reform and Economy modernization in a Javanese town. Ph.D dissertation, University of Amsterdam.

____(2002). Tantangan Pembangunan Ekonomi dan Transformasi Sosial: Suatu Pendekatan Budaya. Humaniora. XIV (2), hal. 260-270.

Almond, G.A. & Verba, S (1990). Budaya politik: Tingkahlaku politik dan demokrasi di lima negara. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Alfian (1982). Politik, Kebudayaan dan Manusia Indonesia. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Anderson, B.R.O.G. (2000). Kuasa Kata: Jelajah Budaya-budaya Politik di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Mata Bangsa.

Barro, R.J. & McCleary, M.R. (2003). “Religion and Economic Growthâ€, Working Paper, No. 9682.

Bellah, R.N. (1992). Religi Tokugawa: Akar-akar budaya Jepang. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Benedict, R. (1946). Patterns of culture. New York: Pelican book.

Castels, L. (1967). Religion, Politics, and Economic Behaviour in Java: The Kudus Cigarrette Industry. Cultural Report Series No. 15, Yale University.

Cunningham, C.E. (1958). The postwar migration of the Tiba-Bataks to East Sumatera. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia

Chambers, R. (1987). Pembangunan desa: mulai dari belakang. Jakarta: LP3ES.

De Jonge, H. (1989). Madura dalam Empat zaman: pedagang, perkembangan ekonomi dan, Islam. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Dove, M.R. (1988). Sistem perladangan di Indonesia: Studi kasus di Kalimantan Barat. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Evers, H.D. Clauss, W. & Wong, D. (1984). Reproduksi subsistensi: Suatu kerangka Analsiis dalam Teori Masyarakat: Proses peradaban dalam sistem dunia modern. Hans Dieter Evers (ed.) Jakarta: Obor Indonesia.

____et al. (1994). The Moral Economy of Trade: Ethicity and Developing Markets. London: Routledge.

Danandjaja, J. (1984). Folklore Indonesia: ilmu gossip, dongeng, dan lain-lain. Jakarta: Graffiti Press.

Damanik, E.L. 2017a. Agama, perubahan sosial dan identitas etnik: moralitas agama dan kultural di Simalungun. Medan: Simetri Institute

____(ed). 2017b. Habonaron do Bona: tantangan dan refleksi Abad 21. Medan: Simetri Institute.

Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books Inc.

____(2000). Local Knowledge: further Essay in interpretative Anthropology. Perseus Books.

____(1976). Involusi pertanian: proses perubahan ekologi di Indonesia. Jakarta: Bharata.

Guiso, L. Sapienza, P. & Zingales, L (2006). “Does culture affect economic outcomes? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(2): 23-48.

Greif, A. (1994). “Cultural beliefs and the organization of society: a historical and theoretical reflection on collectivist and individualist societiesâ€, The Journal of Political Economy. 102(5): 912-950.

Hale, H.E. (2008). The Foundations of Ethnic Politics: Separatism of States and Nations in Eurasia and the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hans, A. & Cederroth, S. (2001). Kepemimpinan Jawa: Perintah Halus, Pemerintahan Otoriter. Jakarta: Obor Indonesia.

Hasselgren, J. (2008). Batak Toba di Medan: perkembangan identitas etnoreligius Batak Toba di Medan, 1912-1965. Medan: Bina Media Perintis.

Heryanto, A. (2000). Perlawanan dalam Kepatuhan: Esai-esai Budaya. Bandung: Mizan

Hennida, C. dkk (2008). Budaya dan Pembangunan Ekonomi di Jepang, Korea Selatan dan China. Global & Strategies 10 (2), hal. 248-263.

Huizinga, J. (1990). Homo Ludens: Fungsi dan hakekat permainan dalam budaya. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Hutagalung, M.P. (2007). Budaya Malu, Budaya Salah, dan Budaya Hukum, Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 37 (3), hal. 359-380.

Inkeles, A. (2005) “Modernisasi Manusia†dalam Myron Weiner, (ed.,). Modernisasi: Dinamika Pertumbuhan. Voice of America Forum Lectures.

Kartodirjo, S. (1984). Kepemimpinan dalam dimensi sosial. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Koentjaringrat (2000). Kebudayaan, mentalitas, dan pembangunan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Kuntowijoyo (1987). Budaya dan Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.

Kluckhohn, F.R. & Strodtbeck, F.L. (1961). Variations in Value Orentations. Evanston, IL: Row, Peteson.

Lay, C. (2011). “Otonomi Daerah dan ke-Indonesia-anâ€, dalam Abdul Karim Gaffar (ed.). Kompleksitas Persoalan Otonomi Daerah di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Lickona, T. (1992). Educating for Character: How our schools can teach, respect and responsibility. New York: Bantam Books.

Marzali, A. (2014) Memajukan Kebudayaan Nasional Indonesia, Humaniora 26 (3), hal. 251-265.

Muller, M. (2013). Kebudayaan dan Perkembangan Ekonomi: Suatu penelitian empiris lingkungan budaya dan kemampuan-kemampuan wiraswasta di Tanah Papua, Indonesia (Nugini Barat). Marburg: Disertasi, Philipps-Universiteit.

Mulyana, D. & Rakhmat, J (2002). Komunikasi antar budaya. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Mubah, S.A (2011). Strategi Meningkatkan Daya Tahan Budaya Lokal dalam Menghadapi Arus Globalisasi. Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 302-308

McClelland, D. (1988). Human motivation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Naim, M. (1979). Merantau: pola migrasi suku Minangkabau. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Nainggolan, T. (2012). Batak Toba di Jakarta: sejarah dan transformasi religi. Medan: Bina Media Perintis.

Nordholt, H.S. (1987). Ojo Dumeh: Kepemimpinan Lokal dalam Pembangunan. Jakarta: Sinar Harapan.

Pelly, U. (2013). Urbanisasi dan adaptasi: peranan misi budaya Minangkabau dan Mandailing di kota Medan. Medan: Unimed Press dan Casa Mesra.

Popkin, S.L. (1986). Petani Rasional. Jakarta: Yayasan Padamu Negeri.

Said, E.W. (1995). Kebudayaan dan Kekuasaan: Membongkar Mitos Hegemoni Barat. Terjemahan. Bandung: Mizan.

Sairin, S. (1991). Dimensi Kebudayaan dalam Pembangunan Pedesaan. Makalah Seminar Nasional: Optimalisasi Peran Desa sebagai Sumberdaya Potensial dalam Pembangunan Nasional. Universitas Merdeka Malang dan Depdagri, 6-7 Agustus.

Saptadi, K.Y. (2008). Membaca Globalisasi dalam Kaca Mata Perang Budaya. Makalah Seminar Globalisasi, Seni, dan Moral Bangsa, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Jakarta, 25 Maret.

Sauretta, P. (2006). â€You Dissin Me? Humiliation and Post 9/11 Global Politicsâ€, Review of International Studies, 32(3):495-522.

Soedjatmoko. (1987). Dimensi manusia dalam pembangunan. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Suseno, F.M. (1984). Etika Jawa: Sebuah analisa falsafati tentang kebijaksanaan hidup Jawa. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Surbakti, R. (2018). “Kelompok etnik, Desentralisasi, dan Politik Lokal di Sumatera Utaraâ€, dalam Erond L. Damanik, Politik Lokal: Dinamika Etnisitas pada era Desentralisasi di Sumatera Utara. Medan: Simetri Institute.

Van Peursen, C.A. (1988). Strategi Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius

Weber, M. (2001). Etika Protestan dan Semangat Kapitalisme. Surabaya: Pustaka Promethea.

Xing, T. (2001). “The Idea of Plurality and Unity in the Configuration of the Chinese Nationality and China’s Bilingual education for its ethnic minorityâ€, Chinese Education & Society, 34(2):75-90.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v1i2.9

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS)

Publisher: Mahesa Research Center

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License