The Islamic State of Indonesia (NII) and the Legacy of Kartosoewiryo: A Historical and Contemporary Political Analysis

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v5i3.2585
Faisal Riza(1),


(1) Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

Abstract


The proclamation of the Islamic State of Indonesia (Negara Islam Indonesia, NII) by Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewiryo marked a pivotal moment in Indonesia’s political and religious landscape. This study delves into the historical development of NII, the ideological underpinnings of Kartosoewiryo’s movement, and the contemporary political ramifications of his legacy. It investigates the extent to which Kartosoewiryo’s vision continues to resonate within modern Islamist movements in Indonesia and how the historical narrative of NII has been reinterpreted in contemporary political discourse. Employing a historical-political analysis, this study draws upon primary and secondary sources, including archival records, academic studies, and contemporary reports. The findings reveal that although Kartosoewiryo’s aspiration for an Islamic state was ultimately dismantled, his ideological influence persists through various Islamist movements, shaping ongoing debates on Islam and governance in Indonesia. This study contends that Kartosoewiryo’s legacy is not merely a historical artifact but remains an active site of ideological contestation in Indonesia’s contemporary political arena. Understanding this legacy offers crucial insights into the evolution of political Islam in Indonesia and the persistent complexities surrounding the relationship between religion and the state.

Keywords


Islamic State of Indonesia; Kartosoewiryo; political Islam; Islamist movements; historical analysis

Full Text:

PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v5i3.2585

References


Abdurrahman, D. (2011). Metodologi Penelitian Sejarah Islam. Ombak.

Ahmad, A. A. (2017). Peranan Organisasi Keamanan Desa (OKD) sebagai Wahana bagi para Pemuda dalam Menanggapi Gerombolan DI/TII 1962. Jurnal Candrasangkala Pendidikan Sejarah, 3(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.30870/candrasangkala.v3i2.3480

Amoretti, B. S. (2012). Islam and The Making of The Nation Kartosoewiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia. Oriente Moderno, 92(1), 251–254.

Azra, A. (2014). Kartosoewiryo dan NII: Kajian Ulang. Studia Islamika, 21(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.15408/SDI.V21I1.883

Chazawi, A., & Ferdian, A. (2018). Kejahatan terhadap Negara Republik Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.

Dimyati, K., Rochman, S., Azhari, A. F., & Wardiono, K. (2023). Weltanschauung of the Indonesian Law: A Study on the Development of the Weltanschauung in the Indonesian Law (1945-2000). Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(7), e1363. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i7.1363

Elson, R. E., & Formichi, C. (2011). Why did Kartosoewiryo start shooting? An account of Dutch–Republican–Islamic forces interaction in West Java, 1945–49. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 42(3), 458–486. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463411000361

Fealy, G. (2017). Islam and the Making of the Nation: Kartosoewiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia by Chiara Formichi (Review). Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 32(2), 427–429. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665621

Fogg, K. W. (2014). Islam, Nationalism and Democracy: A Political Biography of Mohammad Natsir By AUDREY R. KAHIN. Islam in the Making of the Nation: Kartosoewiryo and Political Islam in 20th century Indonesia By CHIARA FORMICHI. Journal of Islamic Studies, 25(1), 90–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/ett029

Formichi, C. (2010). Pan-Islam and Religious Nationalism: The Case of Kartosoewiryo and Negara Islam Indonesia. Indonesia, 90, 125–146.

Formichi, C. (2012a). Islam and The Making of The Nation: Kartosoewiryo and Political Islam in Twentieth-Century Indonesia. KITLV Press.

Formichi, C. (2012b). Planting the Seeds: Java, The Nationalist Movement and Kartosoewiryo in The 1920s. In Islam and the Making of the Nation (pp. 15–46). Brill.

Grainger, A. (2015). Book Review: Islam and the Making of the Nation: Kartosoewiryo and Political Islam in 20th-Century Indonesia. South East Asia Research, 23(1), 139–142. https://doi.org/10.5367/sear.2015.0252

Hamayotsu, K. (2015). Islam and the Making of the Nation: Kartosoewiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia by Chiara Formichi. Indonesia, 100(1), 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1353/ind.2015.0022

Hefner, R. W. (2013). Reviewed Work: Islam and the Making of the Nation: Kartosoewiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia by Chiara Formichi. Studia Islamika, 169(4), 538–541.

Ilham, A. (2023). Pemikiran Keagamaan Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewiryo 1927-1962. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati.

Jafar, T. F., Sudirman, A., & Rifawan, A. (2019). Ketahanan Nasional Menghadapi Ancaman Lone Wolf Terrorism di Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 25(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.41244

Kuntowijoyo. (1994). Metodologi Sejarah. Tiara Wacana.

Nugroho, A. (2020). Darul Islam di Surakarta: Studi Kasus Pemberontakan DI/TII Eks-Batalion 426 Dan Pengaruhnya Tahun 1951-1952. Al-Isnad: Journal of Islamic Civilization History and Humanities, 1(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22515/isnad.v1i1.3243

Nurmasari, N. (2017). Gejolak Politik Pasca Kemerdekaan?: Pertentangan Darul Islam Versus Pemerintah dalam Novel Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air Karya Ahmad Tohari. Universitas Brawijaya.

Othman, N. (2006). Muslim Women and The Challenge of Islamic Fundamentalism/Extremism: An overview of Southeast Asian Muslim Women’s Struggle for Human Rights and Gender Equality. Women’s Studies International Forum, 29(4), 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2006.05.008

Rahim, L. Z. (2006). Discursive Contest between Liberal and Literal Islam in Southeast Asia. Policy and Society, 25(4), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1449-4035(06)70091-1

Rahman, A. (2020). Benteng Alla: Islamization of the Ancestral Land by DI/TII. Indonesian Historical Studies, 4(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.14710/IHIS.V4I1.7900

Rianto, S. (2020). Perbandingan Pemikiran Politik M. Natsir dan S.M. Kartosoewiryo Mengenai Konsep Negara Berdasarkan Islam 1920-1959. UGM.

Ridlo, M. (2019). Negara Islam Indonesia dan Kartosoewiryo. HUMANISTIKA?: Jurnal Keislaman, 5(2), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.36835/humanistika.v5i2.45

Siswandi, P. A., & Salim, T. A. (2017). Preservasi Pengetahuan Sejarah Ukiran pada Batu di Tasikmalaya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Budaya Urban/PPKB FIB UI.

Soebardi, S. (1983). Kartosoewiryo and the Darul Islam Rebellion in Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 14(1), 109–133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463400009024

Suryana, R. (2015). Politik Hijrah Sekarmaji Marijan Kartosoewiryo Tahun 1931-1962. UIN Sunan Kalijaga .

Suryana, R. (2019). Politik Hijrah Kartosoewiryo; Menuju Negara Islam Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Civilization, 1(2), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.33086/jic.v1i2.1212

Suwirta, A., & Adam, A. (2012). Membincang Kembali Masalah Etnisitas, Nasionalitas, dan Integrasi Nasional di Indonesia. ATIKAN, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.2121/ATIKAN-JOURNAL.V2I2.135

Trihartono, A., & Viartasiwi, N. (2015). Engaging the Quiet Mission: Civil Society in Breaking the Cycle of Violence in the Post-conflict Poso, Indonesia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.017

Wakhid, A. A., Kohar, A., Yudha, G., & Selvyana, A. (2024). Tracking Islamic Radicalism in Indonesia: From Kartosoewiryo to Abu Bakar Ba’asyir. KnE Social Sciences, 226–245. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i2.14979

Waluyo, S. D., Timur, F. G. C., & Susilawati, N. (2021). Pengajaran Nilai Bela Negara Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai Upaya Cegah Dini terhadap Radikalisme. Jurnal Bhineka Tunggal Ika, 8.

Watson, C. W. (2014). Islam and the Making of the Nation: Kartosoewiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press.

Zuhdi, M. L., & Syauqillah, M. (2020). Analysis Identity Fusion and Psychosocial Development: How the Role of Father, Mother and Son on Radicalization within Family. Journal of Strategic and Global Studies, 2(2), 64–84. https://doi.org/10.7454/jsgs.v2i2.1022




DOI: https://doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v5i3.2585

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Faisal Riza

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage
Published by Mahesa Research Center
E-mail: warisan.journal@gmail.com

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International