Articles published in Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies (JCCS) constitute part of the permanent scientific record. When errors or ethical breaches are identified after publication, JCCS follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines to correct the record transparently:

1. Erratum and Corrigendum (Corrections)

• Corrigendum (Author Error): Issued when a factual error, author affiliation typo, or minor data table error introduced by the author is discovered that does not invalidate the article's core conclusions.
• Erratum (Publisher Error): Issued when a layout, metadata, or typesetting error introduced during journal production affects readability or indexing.

2. Article Retraction

A formal Retraction Notice (linked bidirectionally via CrossRef DOI to the original article) is published when:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable due to major methodological error or data fabrication/falsification;
• The article constitutes plagiarism, redundant/duplicate publication, or unauthorized use of ethnographic/empirical material; or
• The study reports unethical research involving human subjects or cultural communities.

Retracted articles are watermarked "RETRACTED" on the PDF galley while remaining visible in the archive with a clear explanation of who initiated the retraction and why.

3. Manuscript Withdrawal

Authors may request withdrawal free of charge only prior to the commencement of peer review. Unilateral withdrawal after peer review has been completed or after acceptance is considered unethical and may incur a formal warning to the author's institution.